ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 2019 | Volume
: 10 | Issue : 2 | Page : 73--77
The mathematical model to select an optimal treatment option for tubal pregnancy
Jin Jong Hwa, Kim Suk Yong, Paek Un Son
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological, Pyongyang Medical College, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Jin Jong Hwa
Ryonhwa-Dong, Central District, Pyongyang,
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Abstract
Background: Tubal pregnancy is one of the most common diseases in the gynecological department, and to conserve the reproductive ability and guarantee the quality of life, it is very important to select the prompt and correct treatment options. We studied to formulate the mathematical model to select optimal treatment option of tubal pregnancy and evaluate its effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Chi-square test and the analysis of quantization category II were used for the comparison of parameters between two groups. We underwent case–control study of 59 patients with medical treatment and 44 patients with surgical treatment in Pyongyang Maternity Hospital from October 2013 to February 2015. Results: We analyzed the anamnestic, subjective symptom, objective symptom parameters, compared the correlation coefficients, and defined 15 parameters. Conclusion: We assessed the appearance of parameters to select the treatment option of tubal pregnancy, and the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the mathematical model were 93.2%, 90.9%, and 0.932, respectively.
How to cite this article:
Hwa JJ, Yong KS, Son PU. The mathematical model to select an optimal treatment option for tubal pregnancy.Muller J Med Sci Res 2019;10:73-77
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How to cite this URL:
Hwa JJ, Yong KS, Son PU. The mathematical model to select an optimal treatment option for tubal pregnancy. Muller J Med Sci Res [serial online] 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 21 ];10:73-77
Available from: https://www.mjmsr.net/text.asp?2019/10/2/73/276692 |
Full Text
Introduction
A tubal pregnancy can be treated medically or surgically, but the choice depends on several conditions.[1] In studies, methotrexate (MTX) was proven to be nonsurgical, spares the tube, and does not subject patients to surgical intervention.[2] Rigorous patient selection is the main factor in successful medical treatment.
In clinical medicine, the clinicians can select treatment options subjectively. However, to select the option more correctly and rapidly and to conserve the reproductive ability and guarantee the quality of life, objective method using a mathematical model is required.
We studied to formulate the mathematical model to select the prompt and correct treatment of tubal pregnancy and evaluate its effectiveness.
Materials and Methods
Materials
The study group consisted of 59 tubal pregnancy women with medical treatment and the control group consisted of 44 tubal pregnancy women with surgical treatment who hospitalized in Pyongyang Maternity Hospital from October 2013 to February 2015.
Methods
In our research, we analyzed 51 parameters (these include menstrual period, parity, prior infertility, intrauterine device, prior tubal pregnancy, gynecologic diseases, pregnancy weeks, size of adnexal mass, amount of irregular bleeding, and culdocentesis.), and we underwent Chi-square test to assess the significant differences between the study and control groups, discarded some parameters that have no significant differences, and then collected the significant parameters to undergo the analysis of quantization category II.
Results
The manifestation frequency of some parameters according to the treatment method
Anamnestic parameters
[Table 1] shows the manifestation frequency of anamnestic parameters according to the treatment method, and among anamnestic parameters, only in a prior tubal pregnancy, there was statistically significant difference (P< 0.05).{Table 1}
Manifestation frequency of clinical symptoms
We compared the subjective symptoms between the study and control group, and there was a statistically significant difference in nausea (P< 0.05) [Table 2].{Table 2}
Comparing the objective symptoms between the study and control groups, there were statistically significant differences in Blumberg's sign, posterior vaginal fornix tenderness, fluctuation, and posterior vaginal fornix distention (P< 0.05).
We compared the vital signs between the study and control groups, and there were significant differences in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (P< 0.05), but no difference was found in body temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate [Table 3].{Table 3}
Comparing the inspection and pregnancy weeks between the study and control groups, there were statistically significant differences (P< 0.05).
Manifestation frequency of gynecological tests
We compared the size of adnexal mass, ultrasonography, vaginal discharge, blood test, culdocentesis, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test between the study and control groups, and there were significant differences in the size of adnexal mass, fluid in cul-de-sac of Douglas in ultrasound, amount of irregular bleeding, characteristics of vaginal discharge, hemoglobin, culdocentesis, and hCG measurement (P< 0.05).
Formulating of a mathematical model to select the treatment option
After assessing the appearance of 51 parameters, we discarded some parameters that have less significant differences between the study and control groups, and we used 15 parameters eventually. With those 15 parameters, we underwent the analysis of quantization category II to assess the correlation coefficient and regarded it as a mathematical model.
[Table 4] shows the result of the analysis of quantization category II.{Table 4}
From [Table 4], we formulated the mathematical model, and it is as follows.
Y = −0.55954X11+ 0.18894X12+ 0.15999X21− 0.47382X22+ 0.11309X31 − 0.31833X32+ 0.13499X41
−0.23945X42− 1.09431X43− 0.02997X51+ 0.17581X52− 0.05506X61+ 0.41757X62− 0.08848X71
+0.22577X72+ 0.00458X81+ 0.14766X82− 0.45753X83− 0.18957X91+ 0.23490X92− 0.01601X101
+0.21957X102+ 0.16891X111+ 0.18180X112+ 0.09004X113− 0.13361X114− 0.33396X115
−0.21299X116− 0.53260X117+ 0.13511X121− 0.40012X122+ 0.07496X131− 0.51206X132+ 0.91064X133
+0.73140X141+ 0.01714X142− 0.04940X143− 0.35754X144+ 0.23865X151+ 0.57599X152− 0.05001X153
Using this mathematical model, we developed “Computer Aided Treatment System” to select the prompt and correct treatment of tubal pregnancy.
To select the treatment choice, what you need is just input the parameters into the interface of “Computer Aided Treatment System,” and then, the system will calculate its functional value (Y) immediately and pass judgments. If the functional value is below the boundary value (−0.116895), surgical treatment is regarded, and if it is above the boundary value, medical treatment is preferential.
The effectiveness of the mathematical model
We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the mathematical model, and the details are as [Table 5].{Table 5}
Sensitivity: 55/59 × 100 = 93.2 (%).
Specificity: 40/44 × 100 = 90.9 (%).
Predictive value: 55/(55 + 4) = 0.932.
The sensitivity of the mathematical model was 93.2%, specificity was 90.9%, and the predictive value was 0.932.
As the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have statistical significance, the mathematical model that we formulated can be used to select the treatment option of tubal pregnancy more accurate and faster.
Discussion
Tubal pregnancy can be treated by medical or surgical treatment.[1] However, if the patient underwent surgical treatment, she may lose the reproductive ability; medical treatment is preferred by most if feasible.[3]
MTX is a folinic acid antagonist that inactivates dihydrofolate reductase resulting in the depletion of tetrahydrofolate, a cofactor essential for deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid synthesis.[4],[5] It thus interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissue, such as trophoblast cells of a tubal pregnancy, is generally more sensitive to these effects of MTX.[5],[6]
In several studies, MTX was proven to be a cost-saving treatment for tubal pregnancy, which is nonsurgical and spares the Fallopian tube.[7],[8] Moreover, receiving MTX treatment does not subject patients to surgical intervention and the possible associated complications. Thus, at present, MTX is considered to be the treatment of choice for tubal pregnancy.[8],[9]
As MTX has been extensively studied as an alternate to surgical therapy, the doctors are in this way which is more economic in the conservation of reproductive ability, cost of surgery, and postoperative sequel and so on.[10]
Hemodynamically stable patients without active bleeding or signs of hemoperitoneum are candidates for medical therapy, and they should comply with follow-up care.[11] Absolute contraindications to medical therapy include breastfeeding, immunodeficiency, alcoholism, and hepatic/pulmonary/renal/hematological dysfunction, known sensitivity to MTX, blood dyscrasias, or peptic ulcer disease. Relative contraindications for MTX treatments include embryonic cardiac activity and a gestational sac of 3.5 cm or more.[12],[13]
It is clear that the main factor in successful medical treatment is rigorous patient selection.
In clinical medicine, the clinicians can select treatment options subjectively. However, to select the option more correctly and rapidly, the objective method using a mathematical model is required.
In our research, after assessed the appearance of 51 parameters, we discarded some parameters that have less significant differences between the study and control groups and eventually we used 15 parameters. With those 15 parameters, we underwent an analysis of quantization to assess the correlation coefficient and regarded it as mathematical model. The parameters include amount of irregular bleeding, prior tubal pregnancy, size of an adnexal mass, posterior vaginal fornix distention, culdocentesis, and pregnancy weeks. We developed “Computer-Aided Treatment System” with the use of 15 parameters, and using this; we would save more time and the better outcome.
Conclusion
We clarified the significant parameters those are useful for our mathematical model; there include amount of bleeding, prior tubal pregnancy, culdocentesis, size of adnexal mass, weeks of gestation, posterior vaginal fornix distention, etc. With the use of 15 parameters, we developed the diagnostic program to select the treatment option of tubal pregnancy. The sensitivity of the mathematical model was 93.2%, specificity was 90.9% and predictive value was 0.932.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patients have given their consent for their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published, and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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